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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN S.I AND C.I ENGINES

Criteria S.I. Engine (Petrol or Spark Ignition Engine) C.I. Engine (Diesel or Compression Ignition Engine) Working Cycle Works on Otto Cycle or Constant Volume Cycle. Works on Diesel Cycle. Mixture During Suction Stroke Takes a mixture of air and petrol during the suction stroke. Takes only air during the suction stroke. Fuel Used Uses petrol as fuel. Uses diesel as fuel. Compression Ratio Has a compression ratio that varies from 6 to 10. Has a compression ratio that varies from 16 to 20. Engine Weight and Cost S.I. engines are lighter and cheaper. C.I. engines are heavier and costlier. Initial Cost Initial cost is lower compared to C.I. engines. Initial cost is high due to high compression ratio. Starting Starting is easy. Starting is difficult, especially in cold conditions. ...
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IC ENGINE

Internal Combustion Engines (IC) External Combustion Engines (EC) Combustion of fuel takes place inside the cylinder. Combustion of fuel takes place outside the cylinder. They are simple in nature. They are complex in nature. Initial cost is low. Initial cost is high. They have high thermal efficiency. They have low thermal efficiency. Less water is required for heat dissipation. More water is required for heat dissipation. Starting is easy. It takes time to start. These engines require less space. Require large space. Lower ratio of weight to power output. Higher ratio of weight to power output. Used in automobiles, aircraft, etc. Used for large-scale power generation, e.g., steam engines, steam turbin...
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FIRE AND WATER TUBE BOILER

Water Tube Boiler Fire Tube Boiler The rate of steam generation is high, up to 450 tonnes/hr The rate of steam generation is low, up to 9 tonnes/hr It generates steam at high pressure up to 165 bar It generates steam at low pressure, up to 24.5 bar Its overall efficiency is 90% Its overall efficiency is 70% Less water is required for steam generation More water is required for steam generation It is suitable for load fluctuations It is not suitable for load fluctuations Water flows in tubes which are surrounded by fire Fire flows in tubes which are surrounded by water Operating cost is high Operating cost is low Wall thickness is less Wall thickness is more Cost of installation is high Cost of installatio...
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4 Stroke and 2 stroke engine

Working Principle of 2-Stroke and 4-Stroke Cycle Engines •Four-Stroke Engine :-  The engine that requires four strokes of the piston or two revolutions of the crankshaft to complete the working cycle. •Strokes:- 1. Suction Stroke:- In this stroke, the fuel is supplied to the cylinder. 2. Compression Stroke:- In this stroke, the fuel is compressed in the cylinder. 3. Expansion or Power Stroke: - In this stroke, the fuel is burnt to produce power. 4. Exhaust Stroke:- In this stroke, the burnt gases are exhausted to make space for fresh fuel.  • Two-Stroke Cycle Engine:- The engine that requires two strokes of the piston or one revolution of the crankshaft to complete the working cycle.
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Parts of IC ENGINE

Q-2 Ten Parts of an Internal Combustion Engine 1. Cylinder:- It is a cylindrical vessel where the piston reciprocates. The cylinder is covered with a cylinder head on one side and is open toward the crank on the other side. It is a good conductor of heat and is made of durable materials. 2. Cylinder Head:- It encloses one end of the cylinder and contains the inlet and exhaust valves for the entry of fuel and exit of exhaust gases. 3. Piston:- The piston fits into the cylinder. Its main functions are to compress the fuel during the compression stroke and to transmit the force exerted by gases to the connecting rod. 4. Piston Ring: - These rings are inserted into the circumferential grooves provided on the outer surface of the piston to provide a tight seal between the piston and cylinder wall, preventing leakage of high-pressure gas. 5. Gudgeon Pin:- It connects the piston to the small end of the connecting rod. 6.Connecting Rod:- It connects the piston and crank. Its function is to co...
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POWER TRANSMISSION

Power Transmission Belt and Rope Drives When a wrapping connector takes the form of a band with a thickness small in comparison to its width, it is called a belt. When the cross-section of the wrapping connector is circular, it is called a rope. Types of Belts Type Description Use Flat Belt A belt having a rectangular cross-section. It is used for power transmission when the distance between two pulleys is not more than 8 meters. It is mostly used in factories. V-Belt A belt having a trapezoidal cross-section. It is used for power transmission when two pulleys are close to each other. It is suitable for transmitting large power. Circular or Rope Belt A belt having a circular cross-section. It is used when the distance between two pulleys is more than 8 meters. Advantages and Disadvantages of V...
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Mechanisms Page No 3

Q-9.Kinematic Chain:-  A kinematic chain is a combination of kinematic links in space that are so connected that the relative motion of the links is completely or successfully constrained, and the last link is connected to the first link. Example:- Four bar chain                    Slider Crank Relationship which is good for Kinematie Chain  (No of links )  L = 2P ( no of Pair ) - 4                                  & ( No of joint ) J = 3/2L - 2  Kinematic Chains and Their Constraints A kinematic chain consists of a series of kinematic links connected in such a way that the relative motion between the links is either completely constrained, partially constrained, or unconstrained. This chain can be classified based on the relationship between the number of links (l) and the number of pairs (p). 1. Locked Chain (Structure)   ...
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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN S.I AND C.I ENGINES

Criteria S.I. Engine (Petrol or Spark Ignition Engine) C.I. Engine (Diesel or Compression Ignition Engine) Working Cycle Works on Otto Cycle or Constant Volume Cycle. Works on Diesel Cycle. Mixture During Suction Stroke Takes a mixture of air and petrol during the suction stroke. Takes only air during the suction stroke. Fuel Used Uses petrol as fuel. Uses diesel as fuel. Compression Ratio Has a compression ratio that varies from 6 to 10. Has a compression ratio that varies from 16 to 20. Engine Weight and Cost S.I. engines are lighter and cheaper. C.I. engines are heavier and costlier. Initial Cost Initial cost is lower compared to C.I. engines. Initial cost is high due to high compression ratio. Starting Starting is easy. Starting is difficult, especially in cold conditions. ...
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LANCASHIRE BOILER

LANCASHIRE BOILER -   It is non portable fire tube type horizontal boiler. It consists of cylinder shells with two tubes A and B called Fire Tubes which are symmetrical in dimension. Each Fire Tubes Contain a furnace in front of it, there is a Grate over which fuel is burn. CONSTRUCTION - it is a stationary fire tube internally fired horizontal boiler. These boiler have a cylinder shell of 2m in diameter and it's length varies from 7.5m to 10m . It has two large internal fire tubes having diameter 80cm to 100 cm in which grate is situated. WORKING - The fuel is burn in a fire great and on burning the fuel combustion Process take place The fuel gas enter the main tube by the fire deflector. As the flue gas moves in tubes they heat up the tubes and water which is surrounded the tubes is also heated. After this process water is converted into steam. The steam is taken out from steam supply valve. Application - it is used in sugar mills and chemical industry. ADVANTAGES •  It...
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FIRE AND WATER TUBE BOILER

Water Tube Boiler Fire Tube Boiler The rate of steam generation is high, up to 450 tonnes/hr The rate of steam generation is low, up to 9 tonnes/hr It generates steam at high pressure up to 165 bar It generates steam at low pressure, up to 24.5 bar Its overall efficiency is 90% Its overall efficiency is 70% Less water is required for steam generation More water is required for steam generation It is suitable for load fluctuations It is not suitable for load fluctuations Water flows in tubes which are surrounded by fire Fire flows in tubes which are surrounded by water Operating cost is high Operating cost is low Wall thickness is less Wall thickness is more Cost of installation is high Cost of installatio...
Read more